H 41 - Lilybaeum or Entella (Carthage), silver, tetradrachms (320-300 BCE)
From SILVER
320 BCE - 300 BCE Silver 12,327 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Persephone to left, wearing wreath of wheat leaves, triple pendant earring and pearl necklace, around her head, four dolphins |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | 'MM = People of the Camp (Punic).Horse's head to left, behind, date palm |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Lilybaeum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Carthaginian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 320 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 300 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Jenkins 1977, p. 47-61, n° 141-269 (Series 3) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 6434-6435, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 41 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 10.81 | 4 | 0.7 | 54;70;76;80 |
| 2 | 2 | 5.41 | 4 | 0.7 | 58;60 |
| 3 | 2 | 5.41 | 6 | 1.05 | 61;62 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.41 | 8 | 1.4 | 57;71 |
| 5 | 2 | 5.41 | 10 | 1.75 | 67;73 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.7 | 6 | 1.05 | 66 |
| 8 | 3 | 8.11 | 24 | 4.19 | 63;68;77 |
| 10 | 1 | 2.7 | 10 | 1.75 | 64 |
| 11 | 1 | 2.7 | 11 | 1.92 | 52 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.7 | 12 | 2.09 | 78 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.7 | 13 | 2.27 | 72 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.7 | 14 | 2.44 | 69 |
| 15 | 1 | 2.7 | 15 | 2.62 | 56 |
| 16 | 1 | 2.7 | 16 | 2.79 | 74 |
| 17 | 1 | 2.7 | 17 | 2.97 | 65 |
| 19 | 1 | 2.7 | 19 | 3.32 | 59 |
| 20 | 3 | 8.11 | 60 | 10.47 | 75;81;82 |
| 22 | 1 | 2.7 | 22 | 3.84 | 53 |
| 29 | 1 | 2.7 | 29 | 5.06 | 47 |
| 31 | 2 | 5.41 | 62 | 10.82 | 46;79 |
| 34 | 1 | 2.7 | 34 | 5.93 | 50 |
| 36 | 1 | 2.7 | 36 | 6.28 | 51 |
| 37 | 1 | 2.7 | 37 | 6.46 | 48 |
| 49 | 1 | 2.7 | 49 | 8.55 | 49 |
| 55 | 1 | 2.7 | 55 | 9.6 | 55 |
| Total | 37 of 37 | 99.98 | 573 of 573 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 96 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 573 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.49 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.97 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.59 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10.81 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.47 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 729,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.55 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00079 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 31,423.09 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,327 kg <br /> 12,327 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 78,557.72 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1977), "Coins of Punic Sicily. Part 3. Carthage Series 2-4", Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau, 56, p. 5-65, pl. 1-22.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
