H 38 - Panormus (Carthage), silver, tetradrachms (340-300 BCE)
From SILVER
340 BCE - 300 BCE Silver 3,138 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ṢYṢ (Punic).Charioteer, holding kentron in extended right hand and reins in left, driving fast quadriga to left, above, Nike flying to right, crowning charioteer with wreath she holds with both hands, Punic ṢYṢ in exergue |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Head of Arethusa to left, wearing wreath of grain ears, triple-pendant earring, and pearl necklace, four dolphins swimming around, pellet to outer left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Panormus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 340 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 300 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
.jpg)
H 38 - Panormus, silver, tetradrachms (340-300 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19711Jenkins 1971 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 893-895, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 38, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 1022 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 11.11 | 1 | 1.23 | 22 |
| 2 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 | 2.47 | 18 |
| 4 | 2 | 22.22 | 8 | 9.88 | 14;20 |
| 7 | 1 | 11.11 | 7 | 8.64 | 15 |
| 8 | 1 | 11.11 | 8 | 9.88 | 16 |
| 13 | 1 | 11.11 | 13 | 16.05 | 17 |
| 14 | 1 | 11.11 | 14 | 17.28 | 21 |
| 28 | 1 | 11.11 | 28 | 34.57 | 19 |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 99.99 | 81 of 81 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 30 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 81 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 9 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9.23 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 184,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 10.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00044 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 17,551.46 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,138 kg <br /> 3,138 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 43,878.66 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1971), "Coins of Punic Sicily. Part 1", Revue Suisse de Numismatique, 50, p. 25-78, pl. 1-24.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
