H 23b - Gela, bronze, hexantes (339-310 BCE)
From SILVER
339 BCE - 310 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΓEΛΩIΩN (Greek).Horned and bearded head of Gelas l. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 339 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 310 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hexas
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
H 23b - Gela, bronze, hexas, 339-310 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 281-282, n° 546-548 (groupe XI) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 22HGC 2, n° 389 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 15 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 13 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 15 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.87 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 882.35 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 17,647,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00000 | |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 34 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 85 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
