H 144 - Epirus (uncertain mint) (Epirote League), bronze (Zeus/thunderbolt) (148-50 BCE)
From SILVER
148 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Zeus l. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΠEIPΩTAN (Greek).Thunderbolt within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Epirus (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Epirus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Epirote League |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 148 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 50 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Franke 1961 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 1999, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 144 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 84 | 57.93 | 84 | 27.63 | 2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 104, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 |
| 2 | 30 | 20.69 | 60 | 19.74 | 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 20, 22, 30, 35, 44, 52, 53, 56, 62, 63, 64, 67, 76, 82, 83, 108, 121, 122, 123, 125, 130, 135, 137, 138 |
| 3 | 14 | 9.66 | 42 | 13.82 | 14, 23, 24, 28, 36, 37, 40, 43, 47, 57, 105, 107, 127, 136 |
| 4 | 6 | 4.14 | 24 | 7.89 | 6, 27, 58, 99, 109, 131 |
| 5 | 2 | 1.38 | 10 | 3.29 | 101, 129 |
| 6 | 3 | 2.07 | 18 | 5.92 | 39, 69, 98 |
| 7 | 3 | 2.07 | 21 | 6.91 | 1, 77, 79 |
| 9 | 2 | 1.38 | 18 | 5.92 | 71, 106 |
| 27 | 1 | 0.69 | 27 | 8.88 | 75 |
| Total | 145 of 145 | 100.01 | 304 of 304 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 145 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 84 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 186 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 304 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.1 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.63 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.28 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.93 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 226.78 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 4,535,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 277.23 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 72.37% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,681.01 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,702.53 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Franke, Peter Robert (1961), Die antiken Münzen von Epirus. I : Poleis, Stämme und epirotischer Bund bis 27 v. Chr. Katalog und Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
