H 142 - Epirus (uncertain mint) (Epirote League), bronze (Artemis/spearhead) (234-168 BCE)
From SILVER
234 BCE - 168 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Draped bust of Artemis to right, with bow and quiver over her shoulder. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΠEIPΩTAN (Greek).Spear head to right, laurel wreath with ties below. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Epirus (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Epirus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Epirote League |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 234 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 168 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Franke 1961 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2002, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 142 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 61 | 50.83 | 61 | 26.64 | 278, 279, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 296, 301, 303, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 315, 316, 318, 320, 323, 327, 332, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 351, 352, 356, 357, 363, 364, 366, 369, 370, 372, 373, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 391 |
| 2 | 26 | 21.67 | 52 | 22.71 | 273, 274, 275, 277, 280, 288, 292, 298, 302, 305, 306, 313, 314, 317, 319, 321, 326, 328, 334, 336, 349, 355, 359, 365, 376, 371 |
| 3 | 19 | 15.83 | 57 | 24.89 | 276, 281, 282, 293, 294, 295, 299, 300, 322, 330, 333, 343, 350, 353, 358, 360, 361, 374, 388 |
| 4 | 11 | 9.17 | 44 | 19.21 | 297, 304, 324, 325, 331, 342, 354, 362, 375, 376, 382 |
| 5 | 3 | 2.5 | 15 | 6.55 | 272, 329, 368 |
| Total | 120 of 120 | 100 | 229 of 229 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 120 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 61 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 130 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 229 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.91 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.76 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.08 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50.83 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 204.52 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 4,090,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 252.11 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 73.36% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,239.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,598.47 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Franke, Peter Robert (1961), Die antiken Münzen von Epirus. I : Poleis, Stämme und epirotischer Bund bis 27 v. Chr. Katalog und Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
