H 137 - Epirus (uncertain mint) (Epirote League), silver, didrachms (234/3-200 BCE)
From SILVER
234 BCE - 200 BCE Silver 2,222 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Heads right of Zeus of Dodona, wearing a wreath of oak leaves, and Dione, diademed and draped, to left. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΠEIPΩTAN (Greek).Bull butting to right, all within oak wreath. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Epirus (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Epirus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Epirote League |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 234 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 200 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Franke 19611 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2 , RQEMH3 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 1, 9 |
2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
3 | 2 | 20 | 6 | 12 | 3, 7 |
5 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 4 |
6 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 5 |
7 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 8 |
9 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 18 | 2 |
13 | 1 | 10 | 13 | 26 | 10 |
Total | 10 of 10 | 100 | 50 of 50 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 10 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 50 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.17 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 11.11 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 222,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00023 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,000.9 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,222 kg <br /> 2,222 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 22,502.25 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Franke, Peter Robert (1961), Die antiken Münzen von Epirus. I : Poleis, Stämme und epirotischer Bund bis 27 v. Chr. Katalog und Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.