Gortyn (Lucullus), silver, tetradrachms (Athena/owl) (87-86 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 12096


87 BCE - 86 BCE Silver 1,428 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Athena Parthenos r., wearing triple-crested Attic helmet decorated with four foreparts of horses and a Pegasus, below, B
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΓO – P / TY – NI / Ω – N / ME – A / N (Greek).Owl standing r., head facing, on amphora, in r. field, bull butting r. All within olive wreath
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Gortyn Ancient regionAncient region.: Crete Modern countryModern country: Greece AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Lucullus, Roman Republic
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 87 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 86 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 15.90 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Attic
Image
S1737 Gortyna Lucullus.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study:
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I1Sear I, n° 3183, RQEMH2RQEMH, n° 127



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2 2 50 4 21.05 2, 4
7 1 25 7 36.84 1
8 1 25 8 42.11 5
Total 4 of 4 100 19 of 19 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 4 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  2
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 7 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 19
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 4.75 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 2.71
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.75 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  50 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  4.49 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  89,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 5.07 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00021
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 89.47% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  8,463.25
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  1,428 kg <br /> 1,428 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  21,158.13
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation

References

  1. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  2. ^  Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.