Gela, silver, litrae (helmeted rider/forepart of man-headed bull) (430-425 BCE)
From SILVER
430 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 771 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Helmeted horseman galloping left, holding spear and round shield with his left hand |
| Reverse: | CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of a man-headed bull to right. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Gela | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 430 BCE | to | 425 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 0.65 | Denomination: | litra
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Jenkins 1970, p. 252-254, n° 401-453A (groupe VI). | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 797, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 51, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 374 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 21 | 53.85 | 21 | 24.71 | 419, 424, 428, 429, 430, 433, 434, 441, 441A, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 453A |
| 2 | 7 | 17.95 | 14 | 16.47 | 401, 413, 415, 416, 435, 436, 439 |
| 3 | 5 | 12.82 | 15 | 17.65 | 407, 409, 410, 437, 442 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.13 | 8 | 9.41 | 418, 425 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.56 | 6 | 7.06 | 411 |
| 7 | 3 | 7.69 | 21 | 24.71 | 402, 420, 431 |
| Total | 39 of 39 | 100 | 85 of 85 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 54 | Number of coins (n) | 85 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2.18 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.38 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 53.85 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 59.29 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 1,185,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 72.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75.29% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 2,867.26 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 771 kg <br /> 771 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 7,168.16 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
