Gela, gold, third litrae (man-headed bull/nymph Sosipolis) (415-405 BCE)
From SILVER
415 BCE - 405 BCE Gold 221 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΓΕΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart man headed bull (river god Gelas) kneeling left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Head of the nymph Sosipolis right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 415 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 405 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | third litra | StandardStandard.: |
Image
.jpg)
AC 54c - Gela, gold, third litrae (415-405 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 269-270, n° 492-494 (groupe IX). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 804, HGC 23HGC 2, n° 336 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 31 | 1 | 100 | 31 | 100 | 103 |
| Total | 1 of 1 | 100 | 31 of 31 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 1 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 3 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 31 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 31 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 10.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 0.96 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 19,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 1.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00161 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 64,583.33 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 221 kg <br /> 221 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 161,458.33 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
