Eusebeia? (Ariobarzanes III), silver, drachms (Ariobarzanes III/standing Athena) (44-42 BCE)
From SILVER
44 BCE - 42 BCE Silver 13,060 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡZΑΝΟΥ / EYΣEBOYΣ / ΦΙΛΟPOMAIOY (Greek).Athena standing left, holding Nike and spear, and resting hand upon shield, star and crescent to inner left, monogram to inner right, Θ (date) in exergue. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Eusebeia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cappadocia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia (51-42 BCE), Cappadocian kingdom, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 44 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 42 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Miebach 20261Miebach 2026, Type 35-41 and 47-48 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 72HGC 7, n° 852 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 35 | 23.97 | 35 | 6.24 | 176, 177, 181, 183, 184, 189, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 219, 224, 228, 230, 232, 242, 256, 259, 262, 266, 272, 274, 283, 287, 291, 292, 296, 303 |
| 2 | 30 | 20.55 | 60 | 10.7 | 178, 180, 182, 186, 191, 199, 206, 222, 223, 229, 231, 233, 240, 244, 248, 249, 250, 252, 257, 258, 260, 264, 273, 289, 294, 298, 300, 301, 302, 304 |
| 3 | 22 | 15.07 | 66 | 11.76 | 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 188, 190, 195, 205, 210, 212, 218, 243, 245, 251, 261, 270, 279, 284, 299, 307 |
| 4 | 15 | 10.27 | 60 | 10.7 | 163, 167, 170, 187, 198, 208, 211, 220, 225, 226, 235, 255, 268, 282, 288 |
| 5 | 13 | 8.9 | 65 | 11.59 | 160, 179, 185, 209, 216, 221, 246, 271, 276, 278, 286, 290, 295 |
| 6 | 8 | 5.48 | 48 | 8.56 | 161, 165, 239, 263, 275, 285, 293, 306 |
| 7 | 3 | 2.05 | 21 | 3.74 | 280, 281, 297 |
| 8 | 3 | 2.05 | 24 | 4.28 | 162, 214, 234 |
| 9 | 5 | 3.42 | 45 | 8.02 | 164, 237, 269, 277, 305 |
| 10 | 3 | 2.05 | 30 | 5.35 | 217, 247, 253 |
| 11 | 4 | 2.74 | 44 | 7.84 | 213, 215, 241, 265 |
| 12 | 2 | 1.37 | 24 | 4.28 | 169, 267 |
| 13 | 3 | 2.05 | 39 | 6.95 | 166, 227, 238 |
| Total | 146 of 146 | 99.97 | 561 of 561 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 146 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 35 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 182 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 561 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.84 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.08 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.25 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 23.97 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 171.84 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,436,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 197.36 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00016 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.76% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,529.33 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 13,060 kg <br /> 13,060 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 16,323.32 |
Remarks
Certainly military
"Expression error: Missing operand for *." is not a number.
References
- ^ Miebach, Denise (2026), From the reorganization of Pompey up to the reign of Augustus. What can coinage contribute to our understanding of client kingdoms in central Asia Minor during the Late Hellenistic period?, Unpublished DPhil, Oxford.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
