Ekkarra, bronze, ca 2g (Zeus/standing Artemis) (325-320 BCE)
From SILVER
325 BCE - 320 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Zeus to left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | EKKAPPEΩΝ, EKKAPPEI or EKKAP (Greek).Artemis standing to left, holding spear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ekkarra | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thessaly | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 325 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 320 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC  , Hellenistic 323-30 BC
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Liampi 1998 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2079, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 4, n° 1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 5.88 | 1 | 0.46 | 15 |
| 2 | 1 | 5.88 | 2 | 0.92 | 4 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.88 | 3 | 1.38 | 16 |
| 5 | 2 | 11.76 | 10 | 4.59 | 9, 10 |
| 6 | 4 | 23.53 | 24 | 11.01 | 5, 6, 8, 14 |
| 12 | 2 | 11.76 | 24 | 11.01 | 12 |
| 13 | 1 | 5.88 | 13 | 5.96 | 13 |
| 17 | 1 | 5.88 | 17 | 7.8 | 7 |
| 23 | 1 | 5.88 | 23 | 10.55 | 11 |
| 26 | 1 | 5.88 | 26 | 11.93 | 2 |
| 30 | 1 | 5.88 | 30 | 13.76 | 3 |
| 45 | 1 | 5.88 | 45 | 20.64 | 1 |
| Total | 17 of 17 | 99.97 | 218 of 218 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 17 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 27 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 218 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12.82 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.07 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.59 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.88 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 16.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 338,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 18.44 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00064 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.54% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 25,737.9 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 64,344.75 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations For the die-links, see chart p. 433
References
- ^ Liampi, Katerini (1998), "Ekkarra, eine Stadt der Achaia Phtiotis: Ihre Lage nach den numismatischen Zeugnissen", in U. Peter (ed.), Stephanos nomismatikos. Edit Schönert-Geiss zum 65. Geburtstag, Berlin, p. 417-439.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
