Cydonia, silver, hemidrachms (turtle/incuse square) (450-431 BCE)
From SILVER
450 BCE - 431 BC Silver 1,135 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Tortoise. In field, crescent. |
| Reverse: | Incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Cydonia | Ancient region: | Crete | Modern country: Greece | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 450 BCE | to | 431 BC | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 2.50 | Denomination: | hemidrachm
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Stefanakis 1997, p. 43-47, no. 6-27 et 29-43 (hémidrachme, période I, groupe 2, types B-D). | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 9 | 50 | 9 | 16.36 | |
| 2 | 3 | 16.67 | 6 | 10.91 | |
| 3 | 1 | 5.56 | 3 | 5.45 | |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 7.27 | |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 9.09 | |
| 7 | 2 | 11.11 | 14 | 25.45 | |
| 14 | 1 | 5.56 | 14 | 25.45 | |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.02 | 55 of 55 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 37 | Number of coins (n) | 55 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 3.06 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.49 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2.06 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 22.7 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 454,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 26.76 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.64% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 4,845.81 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 1,135 kg <br /> 1,135 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 12,114.54 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Stefanakis, Manolis. I (1997), Studies in the coinages of Crete with particular reference to Kydonia [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], London University.
