Cos, silver , drachms (bearded Heracles/crab & club) (280-250 BCE)
From SILVER
280 BCE - 250 BCE Silver 2,257 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| Reverse: | ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Cos | Ancient region: | Caria (islands) | Modern country: Greece | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 280 BCE | to | 250 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 3.20 | Denomination: | drachma
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 253-263 (series XII) | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 9 | 28.13 | 9 | 5.39 | 8, 17, 21, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 |
| 2 | 4 | 12.5 | 8 | 4.79 | 9, 20, 24, 25 |
| 3 | 3 | 9.38 | 9 | 5.39 | 13, 27, 28 |
| 4 | 4 | 12.5 | 16 | 9.58 | 2, 10, 15, 16 |
| 5 | 2 | 6.25 | 10 | 5.99 | 7, 12 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.13 | 6 | 3.59 | 1 |
| 7 | 2 | 6.25 | 14 | 8.38 | 22, 23 |
| 8 | 2 | 6.25 | 16 | 9.58 | 5, 6 |
| 10 | 2 | 6.25 | 20 | 11.98 | 14, 18 |
| 11 | 1 | 3.13 | 11 | 6.59 | 19 |
| 14 | 1 | 3.13 | 14 | 8.38 | 4 |
| 34 | 1 | 3.13 | 34 | 20.36 | 3 |
| Total | 32 of 32 | 100.03 | 167 of 167 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 32 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 71 | Number of coins (n) | 167 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 5.22 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 2.35 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2.22 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28.13 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 35.26 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 705,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 39.59 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00024 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.61% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 9,472.49 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 2,257 kg <br /> 2,257 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 23,681.23 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.
