Cos, silver, tetrobols (Asclepius/snake) (145-88 BCE)
From SILVER
145 BCE - 88 BCE Silver 7,280 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Asklepios right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΩ, ΚΩΙ, ΚΩΝ ou ΚΩΙΩΝ (Greek).Coiled serpent right, APIΣTOK to left, ΛOXOΣ to right, all within incuse square, E below |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 88 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Kroll 1964, p. 81-117, pl. 18-24 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5001-5004, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 244, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 6, n° 1324 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 62 | 56.36 | 62 | 28.7 | 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 5c, 6b, 6c, 6d, 7b, 7c, 9c, 10, 11a, 12b, 12i, 17c, 17d, 18a, 18b, 18f, 19c, 19d, 19e, 20a, 20b, 20d, 21g, 21h, 23f, 23h, 24b, 24e, 25b, 26d, 26g, 26h, 26i, 27g, 27h, 27i, 27j, 29g, 29h, 29i, 29j, 29k, 29l, 29m, 29n, 31a, 31b, 32h, 32i, 32l, 32m, 33, 34i, 34j, 34k, 34l, 34m, 34n |
| 2 | 19 | 17.27 | 38 | 17.59 | 4c, 9a, 14a, 15f, 16g, 17a, 19a, 20c, 21i, 23g, 24c, 24f, 27c, 27e, 29c, 29o, 32f, 32j |
| 3 | 17 | 15.45 | 51 | 23.61 | 4a, 5a, 5d, 7d, 11b, 12a, 13e, 15a, 18c, 21a, 21d, 22a, 29a, 29p, 32a, 32d, 34f |
| 4 | 5 | 4.55 | 20 | 9.26 | 7f, 12d, 14c, 15c, 23b |
| 5 | 3 | 2.73 | 15 | 6.94 | 22c, 25c, 34a |
| 6 | 1 | 0.91 | 6 | 2.78 | 13a |
| 7 | 1 | 0.91 | 7 | 3.24 | 16c |
| 8 | 1 | 0.91 | 8 | 3.7 | 8c |
| 9 | 1 | 0.91 | 9 | 4.17 | 25d |
| Total | 110 of 110 | 100 | 216 of 216 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 110 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 62 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 170 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 216 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.96 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.55 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 56.36 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 181.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,639,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 224.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 71.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,373.76 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,280 kg <br /> 7,280 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,934.39 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Kroll, John H. (1964), "The Late Hellenistic Tetrobols of Kos", American Numismatic Society. Museum Notes, 11, p. 81-117, pl. 18-24.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
