Cos, silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/crab) (370-345 BCE) Meadows
From SILVER
370 BCE - 345 BCE Silver 2,488 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bearded head of Herakles to left, wearing lion skin headdress |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | KΩION - ΑΛΚΙΜΑΧΟΣ (Greek).Crab with club below, all within pelleted square within faint incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 370 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 345 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton et al. 2002, p. 230-233 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4985-4986, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 6, n° 1302 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 12.5 | 1 | 1.45 | 4 |
| 3 | 2 | 25 | 6 | 8.7 | 1, 7 |
| 4 | 1 | 12.5 | 4 | 5.8 | 6 |
| 8 | 1 | 12.5 | 8 | 11.59 | 3 |
| 10 | 1 | 12.5 | 10 | 14.49 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 | 12.5 | 11 | 15.94 | 8 |
| 29 | 1 | 12.5 | 29 | 42.03 | 5 |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 69 of 69 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 69 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.63 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 12.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.24 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 164,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.05 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00042 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.55% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 16,747.57 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,488 kg <br /> 2,488 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 41,868.93 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard - Hardwick, Nicholas - Kinns, Philip - Konuk, Koray - Meadows, Andrew (2002), "The Pixodarus Hoard (CH 9.421)", Coin Hoards, IX, RNS Spec. Publ. 35, London, p. 159-243.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
