Cos, silver, drachms (bearded Heracles/crab) (355-335 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 1549


355 BCE - 335 BCE Silver 1,040 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Heracles right, bearded, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΚΩΙ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name. All within incuse square with square of dots.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Cos Ancient regionAncient region.: Caria (islands) Modern countryModern country: Greece AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 355 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 335 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 3.60 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: drachma Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
RQEM_ad_290.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1174 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1174 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8523197f)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 240-243 (series VIII)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 3 23.08 3 4.62 2, 5, 11
2 3 23.08 6 9.23 3, 6, 10
3 2 15.38 6 9.23 1, 12
4 2 15.38 8 12.31 9, 13
13 2 15.38 26 40 7, 8
16 1 7.69 16 24.62 4
Total 13 of 13 99.99 65 of 65 100.01
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 13 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  3
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 21 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 65
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 5 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 3.1
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.62 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  23.08 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  14.44 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  288,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 16.25 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00023
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 95.38% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  9,002.77
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  1,040 kg <br /> 1,040 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  22,506.93

References

  1. ^  Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.