Cos, silver, drachms (Heracles/crab & club) (180-170 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 1545


180 BCE - 170 BCE Silver 2,078 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name and letter(s). All within incuse square.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Cos Ancient regionAncient region.: Caria (islands) Modern countryModern country: Greece AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 180 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 170 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 3.10 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: drachma Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
RQEM_ad_296.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1207 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1207 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8523230m)]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 363-365 (series XXIII)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 13 81.25 13 50 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
2 1 6.25 2 7.69 16
4 1 6.25 4 15.38 10
7 1 6.25 7 26.92 9
Total 16 of 16 100 26 of 26 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 16 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  13
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 17 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 26
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 1.63 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1.53
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.06 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  81.25 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  33.52 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  670,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 41.6 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00004
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 50% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  1,551.31
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  2,078 kg <br /> 2,078 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  3,878.28
Remarks


References

  1. ^  Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.