Cos, silver, didrachms (Heracles/crab & club) (355-335 BCE)
From SILVER
355 BCE - 335 BCE Silver 1,335 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΩΙΟΝ (Greek).Crab. Beneath, club. In the field, magistrate name (and symbol). All within incuse square with square of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 355 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 335 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
RQEM_ad_289.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1199 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 1199 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85232222)]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ingvaldsen 20021Ingvaldsen 2002, p. 237-239 (series VII) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 22.22 | 2 | 4.35 | 1, 3 |
| 2 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 | 4.35 | 7 |
| 3 | 1 | 11.11 | 3 | 6.52 | 5 |
| 5 | 1 | 11.11 | 5 | 10.87 | 6 |
| 6 | 2 | 22.22 | 12 | 26.09 | 4, 9 |
| 9 | 1 | 11.11 | 9 | 19.57 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 11.11 | 13 | 28.26 | 8 |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 99.99 | 46 of 46 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 15 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 46 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.11 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.07 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 22.22 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9.96 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 199,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 11.19 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00023 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.65% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,236.95 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,335 kg <br /> 1,335 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,092.37 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2002), Cos. Coinage and Society. The chronology and function of a city-state coinage in the Classical and Hellenistic period, c. 390 - c. 170 BC, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oslo University.
