Colophon, silver, twelths (0.44g) (Apollo/quadripartite incuse square) (525-500 BCE)
From SILVER
525 BCE - 500 BCE Silver 1,644 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Archaic head of Apollo to left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Quadripartite incuse square punch |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Colophon | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 525 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 500 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.44 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 12th | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Kim - Kroll 2008, p. 73-83 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 36 | 26.47 | 72 | 20.63 | 1, 15, 18, 22, 23, 26, 31, 33, 41, 42, 47, 51, 52, 56, 59, 61, 65, 68, 74, 78, 83, 84, 86, 92, 93, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 111, 115, 116, 121, 123, 131 |
| 3 | 14 | 10.29 | 42 | 12.03 | 11, 14, 24, 27, 36, 46, 62, 66, 73, 77, 81, 102, 108, 117 |
| 4 | 9 | 6.62 | 36 | 10.32 | 29, 37, 40, 71, 76, 80, 85, 104, 122 |
| 5 | 8 | 5.88 | 40 | 11.46 | 3, 166, 50, 57, 64, 67, 69, 132 |
| 6 | 1 | 0.74 | 6 | 1.72 | 4 |
| 7 | 3 | 2.21 | 21 | 6.02 | 32, 35, 91 |
| 8 | 1 | 0.74 | 8 | 2.29 | 54 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.74 | 10 | 2.87 | 49 |
| 11 | 1 | 0.74 | 11 | 3.15 | 124 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.74 | 12 | 3.44 | 48 |
| 16 | 2 | 1.47 | 32 | 9.17 | 38, 39 |
| 1 | 59 | 43.38 | 59 | 16.91 | 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 28, 30, 34, 43, 44, 45, 53, 55, 58, 60, 63, 70, 72, 75, 79, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 119, 120, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 135, 136 |
| Total | 136 of 136 | 100.02 | 349 of 349 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 136 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 59 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 135 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 349 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.57 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.59 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.99 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 43.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 186.79 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,735,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 222.84 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,736.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,644 kg <br /> 1,644 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,342.04 |
Remarks
Likely not military
References
- ^ Kim, Henry - Kroll, John H. (2008), "A Hoard of Archaic Coins of Colophon and Unminted Silver (CH I.3)," American Numismatic Journal, Second Series 20, p. 53–103.
