Cnidus, silver, tetradrachms (330-300 BCE)
From SILVER
330 BCE - 300 BCE Silver 4,163 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Aphrodite r., wearing triple pendant earring and pearl necklace, behind, Phrygian helmet |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΘΕΥΜΕΝΩΝ (Greek).Forepart of lion r., with open jaws and tongue protruding, beneath, KNI |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cnidus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 330 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 300 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton et al. 2002 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4846 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 2.53 | 1, 12 |
| 2 | 4 | 30.77 | 8 | 10.13 | 6, 8, 10, 11 |
| 5 | 2 | 15.38 | 10 | 12.66 | 2, 3 |
| 7 | 1 | 7.69 | 7 | 8.86 | 9 |
| 10 | 1 | 7.69 | 10 | 12.66 | 13 |
| 12 | 2 | 15.38 | 24 | 30.38 | 4, 5 |
| 18 | 1 | 7.69 | 18 | 22.78 | 7 |
| Total | 13 of 13 | 99.98 | 79 of 79 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 13 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 32 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 79 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.08 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.47 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.46 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 15.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 13.97 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 279,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 15.56 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00028 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.47% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 11,309.95 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,163 kg <br /> 4,163 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 28,274.87 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
