Cnidus, silver, drachms (lion/Aphrodite) (411-394 BCE)
From SILVER
411 BCE - 394 BCE Silver 1,670 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Forepart of lion right, with open jaws and tongue protruding. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Head of Aphrodite right, hair bound in sphendone decorated with flowers (?). All within incuse square. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cnidus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 411 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 394 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Cahn 1970 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4836, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 240 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 3 | 23.08 | 6 | 6.52 | 53, 59, 60 |
| 3 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 3.26 | 55 |
| 4 | 1 | 7.69 | 4 | 4.35 | 57 |
| 5 | 2 | 15.38 | 10 | 10.87 | 54, 62 |
| 6 | 1 | 7.69 | 6 | 6.52 | 56 |
| 10 | 2 | 15.38 | 20 | 21.74 | 46, 58 |
| 11 | 1 | 7.69 | 11 | 11.96 | 61 |
| 16 | 2 | 15.38 | 32 | 34.78 | 45, 47 |
| Total | 13 of 13 | 99.98 | 92 of 92 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 13 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 17 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 92 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.08 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.41 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.31 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 13.69 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 273,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 15.14 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00034 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,440.47 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,670 kg <br /> 1,670 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 33,601.17 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Cahn, Herbert A. (1970), Knidos. Die Münzen des sechsten und des fünften Jahrhunderts v. Chr., Berlin, 245 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
