Cnidus, silver, drachms (head of lion/Aphrodite) (490-465 BCE)
From SILVER
490 BCE - 465 BCE Silver 706 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Forepart of lion to right, with open jaws and outstretched right paw. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Diademed head of Aphrodite to right, her hair tied at the back in a pony tail, and wearing a pearl necklace, all within an incuse square. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cnidus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 490 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 465 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC  , Classical 480-323 BC
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Cahn 1970 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4833, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 237 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 11 | 1 | 16.67 | 11 | 7.24 | 29 |
| 19 | 2 | 33.33 | 38 | 25 | 32, 33 |
| 26 | 1 | 16.67 | 26 | 17.11 | 31 |
| 37 | 1 | 16.67 | 37 | 24.34 | 34 |
| 40 | 1 | 16.67 | 40 | 26.32 | 30 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 152 of 152 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 152 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 25.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 15.2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.79 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 115,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00131 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 52,504.32 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 706 kg <br /> 706 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 131,260.79 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Cahn, Herbert A. (1970), Knidos. Die Münzen des sechsten und des fünften Jahrhunderts v. Chr., Berlin, 245 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
