Cius (Lysimachus), silver, tetradrachms (270-245 BCE)
From SILVER
285 BCE - 245 BCE Silver 17,471 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of deified Alexander III right, with horn of Ammon |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ (Greek).Athena seated left holding Nike, in left field, club and monogram, in exergue bow in case and monogram |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cius | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bithynia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Lysimachus (Macedonian officer, diadochus and king, c. 360-281 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 285 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 245 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Marinescu 20171 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 7 | 14.89 | 7 | 2.82 | 8, 12, 16, 22, 36, 44, 46 |
2 | 8 | 17.02 | 16 | 6.45 | 4, 7, 13, 14, 19, 20, 24, 31 |
3 | 8 | 17.02 | 24 | 9.68 | 3, 11, 17, 18, 26, 29, 30, 38 |
4 | 3 | 6.38 | 12 | 4.84 | 6, 35, 47 |
5 | 2 | 4.26 | 10 | 4.03 | 28, 40 |
6 | 5 | 10.64 | 30 | 12.1 | 2, 27, 32, 34, 37 |
7 | 2 | 4.26 | 14 | 5.65 | 15, 33 |
8 | 2 | 4.26 | 16 | 6.45 | 23, 41 |
9 | 1 | 2.13 | 9 | 3.63 | 45 |
10 | 4 | 8.51 | 40 | 16.13 | 1, 10, 21, 43 |
11 | 2 | 4.26 | 22 | 8.87 | 25, 39 |
15 | 1 | 2.13 | 15 | 6.05 | 5 |
16 | 1 | 2.13 | 16 | 6.45 | 42 |
17 | 1 | 2.13 | 17 | 6.85 | 9 |
Total | 47 of 47 | 100.02 | 248 of 248 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 47 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 128 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 248 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.28 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.94 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.72 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 14.89 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 51.69 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,033,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 57.99 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00024 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.18% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,595.67 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 17,471 kg <br /> 17,471 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,989.17 |
Remarks
Obv. 20 is for staters
References
- ^ Marinescu, Constantin (2017), "The Lysimachi coinage of Cius, Bithynia", in Dilyana Boteva (ed.), Ex nummis lux - Studies in Ancient Numismatics in Honour of Dimitar Draganov, Sofia, p. 177-220.