Citium (Pumiathon), gold, hemistaters (standing Heracles/lion attacking deer) (362-312 BCE)
From SILVER
360 BCE - 359 BCE Gold 36,523 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Herakles to right, wearing the lion headdress, holding Nemean lion scalp, a bow and brandishing a club. In the field, a handled cross. Border of dots. |
| Reverse: | [[Reverse legend::[L]MLK PMIA[TN] (in Aramaic = "of king Pumiathon"]] (Aramaic).Lion to right biting a lying deer. In the field, date in Phoenician. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Citium | Ancient region: | Cyprus | Modern country: Greece | Authority: | Pumiathon of Citium (361-312 BCE) |
Chronology
| From | 360 BCE | to | 359 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Gold
|
Median weight in grams | 4.20 | Denomination: | hemistater
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Markou 2011, p. 103-111, n° 43-187. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5378, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Tziambazis 2002, n° 36 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 8 | 21.62 | 8 | 5.59 | 5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 27 |
| 2 | 9 | 24.32 | 18 | 12.59 | 1, 2, 4, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37 |
| 3 | 5 | 13.51 | 15 | 10.49 | 12, 20, 22, 32, 34 |
| 4 | 4 | 10.81 | 16 | 11.19 | 3, 13, 24, 26 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.7 | 5 | 3.5 | 8 |
| 6 | 2 | 5.41 | 12 | 8.39 | 30, 31 |
| 7 | 4 | 10.81 | 28 | 19.58 | 6, 9, 23, 25 |
| 8 | 2 | 5.41 | 16 | 11.19 | 15, 21 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.7 | 12 | 8.39 | 14 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.7 | 13 | 9.09 | 18 |
| Total | 37 of 37 | 99.99 | 143 of 143 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 57 | Number of coins (n) | 143 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 3.86 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 2.51 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.54 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.62 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 43.48 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 869,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 49.92 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00016 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 6,577.74 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 36,523 kg <br /> 36,523 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 16,444.34 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Markou, Evangelina (2011), L'or des rois de Chypre. Numismatique et histoire à l'époque classique, Athens, xliv, 379 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Tziambazis, Elias (2002), A catalogue of the coins of Cyprus: from 560 B.C. to 1571 A.D., Larnaca, 89 p.
