Chalcis, silver, drachms (nymph Chalcis/eagle and serpent) (338-308 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8013

338 BCE - 308 BCE Silver 15,901 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of the nymph Chalkis r., wearing earring, hair rolled.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	XAΛ (Greek).Eagle flying r., holding serpent in beak and talons.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Chalcis

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Euboea

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

338 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

308 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical ^{480-323 BC}

, Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.50

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

drachma

StandardStandard.:

Image

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Picard 1979
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 148
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/chalcis.picard 1979.i.i.1-11.drachm

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	35	17.16	35		1/5, 3/7, 4/22, 4/14, 5/25, 5/2, 7/3, 7/9, 7/6, 8/7, 8/8, 9/16, 9/19, 9/26, 9/29, 9/32, 9/34, 9/41, 9/57, 9/58, 9/59, 9/60, 9/61, 9/67, 9/90, 9/93, 9/95, 9/96, 9/5, 10/6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 20
2	36	17.65	72		3/19, 4/20, 4/6, 5/7, 5/18, 5/22, 5/23, 5/24, 5/1, 7/8, 7/5, 8/2, 9/6, 9/7, 9/9, 9/11, 9/21, 9/27, 9/28, 9/30, 9/40, 9/42, 9/52, 9/55, 9/70, 9/75, 9/86, 9/88, 9/89, 9/91, 9/94, 9/3, 10/9, 12, 19, 21
3	27	13.24	81		3/3, 4/10, 4/21, 4/8, 5/13, 5/5, 6/4, 7/2, 8/3, 10/5, 10/17, 10/22, 10/24, 10/39, 10/46, 10/54, 10/69, 10/74, 10/76, 10/83, 10/85, 10/87, 10/3, 11/17, 11/18, 11/2
4	14	6.86	56		1/1, 3/17, 4/12, 5/15, 5/4, 8/1, 9/4, 9/10, 9/13, 9/15, 9/23, 9/51, 9/56, 9/62, 9/81, 10/7
5	25	12.25	125		2/1, 3/3, 3/4, 4/9, 4/10, 7/19, 7/1, 8/18, 9/31, 9/35, 9/36, 9/37, 9/44, 9/49, 9/63, 9/64, 9/65, 9/78, 9/80, 9/84, 9/92, 9/1, 10/2, 5
6	11	5.39	66		1/2, 3/6, 4/8, 4/9, 6/20, 6/2, 8/5, 8/14, 10/53, 10/79, 10/1
7	12	5.88	84		3/12, 5/7, 6/1, 8/25, 11/38, 11/66, 11/68, 11/71, 11/73, 11/77, 11/82, 11/4
8	14	6.86	112		1/6, 2/9, 3/5, 4/15, 4/18, 4/23, 4/21, 6/3, 7/4, 8/12, 11/20, 11/47, 11/48, 11/1
9	3	1.47	27		3/11, 5/6, 8/45
10	7	3.43	70		1/3, 3/16, 4/24, 4/5, 8/50, 10/72, 10/14
11	5	2.45	55		3/25, 4/11, 8/16, 8/43, 10/4
12	3	1.47	36		2/4, 3/13, 10/15
13	4	1.96	52		2/6, 3/14, 4/4, 10/16
14	1	0.49	14		8/33
15	1	0.49	15		2/5
16	1	0.49	16		1/4
17	3	1.47	51		2/7, 4/12, 11/3
18	1	0.49	18		2/2
21	1	0.49	21		2/8
Total	204 of 204	99.99	1006 of 1,006

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	204	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	35
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	207	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	1006
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	4.93	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	4.86
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.01	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	17.16 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	227.16	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	4,543,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	255.89	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00022
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	96.52%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	8,857.19
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	15,901 kg <br /> 15,901 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	22,142.98

Remarks

Likely military

References

^ Picard, Olivier (1979), Chalcis et la confédération eubéenne. Etude de numismatique et d'histoire (IVe-Ier siècle), Paris, 1979.
^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.