Caulonia, silver, staters (530-480 BCE)
From SILVER
530 BCE - 480 BCE Silver 5,524 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | KAYΛ (Greek).Apollo, diademed, walking r., holding laurel branch in upraised r. hand and small daimon running r. in outstretched l., in r. field, stag on platform, with head reverted. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | The same type incuse l. without legend. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Caulonia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 530 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 480 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater , nomos, didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC 27 - Caulonia, silver, stater, 530-480 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Noe 19581Noe 1958, n° 1-61 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 252, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 27, HN Italy4HN Italy, n° 2035-2038, HGC 15HGC 1, n° 1416-1417 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 9.09 | 3 | 1.09 | 6A, 16, 25 |
| 2 | 4 | 12.12 | 8 | 2.91 | 24, 40, 55, 61 |
| 3 | 4 | 12.12 | 12 | 4.36 | 29, 51, 52, 53 |
| 4 | 3 | 9.09 | 12 | 4.36 | 26, 49, 50 |
| 5 | 2 | 6.06 | 10 | 3.64 | 21, 59 |
| 6 | 2 | 6.06 | 12 | 4.36 | 22, 56 |
| 7 | 2 | 6.06 | 14 | 5.09 | 20, 54 |
| 8 | 2 | 6.06 | 16 | 5.82 | 47, 6 |
| 9 | 1 | 3.03 | 9 | 3.27 | 17 |
| 10 | 3 | 9.09 | 30 | 10.91 | 10, 27, 37 |
| 14 | 1 | 3.03 | 14 | 5.09 | 11 |
| 17 | 1 | 3.03 | 17 | 6.18 | 23 |
| 18 | 1 | 3.03 | 18 | 6.55 | 42 |
| 19 | 2 | 6.06 | 38 | 13.82 | 5, 3 |
| 23 | 1 | 3.03 | 23 | 8.36 | 7 |
| 39 | 1 | 3.03 | 39 | 14.18 | 1 |
| Total | 33 of 33 | 99.99 | 275 of 275 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 33 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 275 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 9.09 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 34.1 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 682,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 37.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00040 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.91% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 16,129.03 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 5,524 kg <br /> 5,524 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 40,322.58 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Noe, Sydney P. (1958), The coinage of Caulonia, Numismatic Studies 9, New York, 62 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
