Caulonia, silver, staters (480-388 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 388 BCE Silver 12,520 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | KAYΛ (Greek).Apollo advancing right, small stag in right field |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | KAYΛ (Greek).Stag standing right, laurel branch in right field |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Caulonia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 388 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater , nomos, didrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Noe 1958, n° 62-181. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 462-463, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 28, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 2044, 2046, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1419 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 2.91 | 79, 87, 94, 95, 107, 116, 117, 118, 125, 126, 134, 136, 139, 152, 165 |
| 2 | 9 | 12 | 18 | 3.49 | 85, 130, 140, 147, 157, 167, 168, 176, 181 |
| 3 | 5 | 6.67 | 15 | 2.91 | 65, 72, 112, 137, 177 |
| 4 | 7 | 9.33 | 28 | 5.43 | 64, 83, 100, 102, 135, 150, 169 |
| 5 | 4 | 5.33 | 20 | 3.88 | 96, 97, 141, 142 |
| 6 | 7 | 9.33 | 42 | 8.14 | 80, 99, 105, 119, 156, 164, 178 |
| 7 | 4 | 5.33 | 28 | 5.43 | 121, 124, 127, 148 |
| 8 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 4.65 | 113, 151, 153 |
| 9 | 2 | 2.67 | 18 | 3.49 | 62;104 |
| 10 | 6 | 8 | 60 | 11.63 | 78, 81, 110, 143, 155, 159 |
| 11 | 2 | 2.67 | 22 | 4.26 | 84, 162 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.33 | 13 | 2.52 | 131 |
| 14 | 3 | 4 | 42 | 8.14 | 76, 91, 173 |
| 16 | 3 | 4 | 48 | 9.3 | 73, 108, 170 |
| 23 | 1 | 1.33 | 23 | 4.46 | 88 |
| 30 | 1 | 1.33 | 30 | 5.81 | 93 |
| 34 | 1 | 1.33 | 34 | 6.59 | 179 |
| 36 | 1 | 1.33 | 36 | 6.98 | 66 |
| Total | 75 of 75 | 99.98 | 516 of 516 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 75 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 15 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 516 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 79.24 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,584,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 87.76 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00033 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,023.73 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,520 kg <br /> 12,520 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 32,559.31 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Noe, Sydney P. (1958), The coinage of Caulonia, Numismatic Studies 9, New York, 62 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
