Catana, silver, tetradrachms (Amenanos/flying Nike) (464-450 BCE)
From SILVER
464 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 3,308 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Man-headed bull reclining r. (river god Amenanos), above, large branch, below, fish r. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | KAT - ANE (Greek).Nike, wearing long chiton, flying l., holding taenia in her outstretched r. hand |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Catana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 464 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 450 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Arnold-Biucchi 1990, p. 51-53, n° 48-76 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 2, n° 559 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 25 | 2 | 6.9 | 69, 73 |
| 2 | 1 | 12.5 | 2 | 6.9 | 58-59 |
| 3 | 2 | 25 | 6 | 20.69 | 70-72, 74-76 |
| 4 | 1 | 12.5 | 4 | 13.79 | 54-57 |
| 6 | 1 | 12.5 | 6 | 20.69 | 48-53 |
| 9 | 1 | 12.5 | 9 | 31.03 | 60-68 |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 29 of 29 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 9 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 29 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.63 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.22 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9.56 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 191,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 11.05 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.1% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,066.95 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,308 kg <br /> 3,308 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,167.36 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Arniold-Biucchi, Carmen (1990), The Randazzo hoard 1980 and Sicilian chronology in the early fifth century B.C., Numismatic Studies 18, New York, 77 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
