Carthage, electrum, staters (Tanit/horse) (320-310 BCE)
From SILVER
320 BCE - 310 BCE Electrum 250,065 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Tanit to left, wearing wreath of grain ears, triple-pendant earring and elaborate necklace |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Horse standing right, on ground line |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Carthage | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Zeugitana | Modern countryModern country: Tunisia | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Carthaginian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 320 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 310 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Electrum http://nomisma.org/id/el | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Jenkins - Lewis 1963, (série IV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 325, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Alexandropoulos 2007, n° 9 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 39 | 75 | 39 | 56.52 | 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 200, 201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228, 229 |
| 2 | 10 | 19.23 | 20 | 28.99 | 186, 188, 197, 202, 216, 218, 220, 226, 231, 232 |
| 3 | 2 | 3.85 | 6 | 8.7 | 199, 230 |
| 4 | 1 | 1.92 | 4 | 5.8 | 189 |
| Total | 52 of 52 | 100 | 69 of 69 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 52 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 39 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 49 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 69 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.41 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.94 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 75 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 166.71 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,334,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 211.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 43.48% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 827.78 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 250,065 kg <br /> 250,065 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,069.46 |
Remarks
Certainly military
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth - Lewis, Richard Boyes (1963), Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins, RNS 2, London, 140 p., 38 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Alexandropoulos, Jacques (2007), Les monnaies de l'Afrique antique (400 av. J.-C.-40 ap. J.-C.), Presses universitaires du Mirail, Toulouse, 507 p., 17 pl.
