Carthage, billon, double shekels (Tanit/standing horse) (149-146 BCE)
From SILVER
149 BCE - 146 BCE Billon 1,781 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Tanit to left, wearing wreath of grain ears, pendant earring and elaborate necklace |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Horse standing right, raising left foreleg |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Carthage | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Zeugitana | Modern countryModern country: Tunisia | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 149 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 146 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Billon http://nomisma.org/id/billon | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | double shekel | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Visona 2007 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Alexandropoulos 2007, n° 100a | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 28.57 | 2 | 1.61 | 4, 6 |
| 2 | 2 | 28.57 | 4 | 3.23 | 2, 3 |
| 3 | 1 | 14.29 | 3 | 2.42 | 5 |
| 4 | 1 | 14.29 | 4 | 3.23 | 7 |
| 111 | 1 | 14.29 | 111 | 89.52 | 1 |
| Total | 7 of 7 | 100.01 | 124 of 124 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 7 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 66 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 124 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 17.71 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.88 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 9.43 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28.57 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.85 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 137,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 7.42 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00091 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.39% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 36,204.38 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,781 kg <br /> 1,781 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 90,510.95 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
