Caria (uncertain mint) (uncertain satrap), silver, drachms (Helios/rose) (360-340 BCE)
From SILVER
360 BCE - 340 BCE Silver 1,769 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bare head of Helios left, within solar disc. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ME (Greek).Rose with bud to left and right, M - E around. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Caria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Uncertain satrap (provincial governor within the Achaemenid Persian Empire) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 360 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 340 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton 1990 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5021, 5024, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 258 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 38.1 | 8 | 14.55 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 18 |
| 2 | 4 | 19.05 | 8 | 14.55 | 3, 9, 10, 19 |
| 3 | 3 | 14.29 | 9 | 16.36 | 8, 15, 17 |
| 4 | 2 | 9.52 | 8 | 14.55 | 16, 20 |
| 5 | 3 | 14.29 | 15 | 27.27 | 1, 12, 21 |
| 7 | 1 | 4.76 | 7 | 12.73 | 2 |
| Total | 21 of 21 | 100.01 | 55 of 55 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 21 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 35 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 55 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.62 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 38.1 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 28.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 570,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 33.97 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 85.45% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,855.59 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,769 kg <br /> 1,769 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,638.98 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard (1990), "The solar disk drachms of Caria", The Numismatic Chronicle, 150, p. 27-38, pl. 1-3.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
