Bactria (uncertain mint) (Seleucus I), gold, staters (Apollo/elephant biga) (290-281 BCE)
From SILVER
290 BCE - 281 BCE Gold 10,346 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Several types: 1) Head of Apollo right, wearing laurel wreath (groupe 1.1), 2) Head of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helmet (groupes 1.2 et 2). |
| Reverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΕΛΕΥΚΟΥ (Greek).Artemis in biga of elephants r., above and before, control-marks |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient region: | Bactria | Modern country: Afghanistan | Authority: | Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC), Seleucus I Nicator (satrap in 321-305 BC and Seleucid king in 305-281 BC) |
Chronology
| From | 290 BCE | to | 281 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Gold
|
Median weight in grams | 8.55 | Denomination: | stater
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Kritt 1996, p. 4-6, n° 1-5, 16 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2ESM, n° 301, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3CSE, n° 1034, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4SC I, n° 257 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 2 | 66.67 | 2 | 40 | II, III |
| 3 | 1 | 33.33 | 3 | 60 | I |
| Total | 3 of 3 | 100 | 5 of 5 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 3 | Number of coins (n) | 5 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.67 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.67 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 66.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 6.05 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 121,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 7.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 60% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 1,652.89 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 10,346 kg <br /> 10,346 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 4,132.23 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Kritt, Brian (1996), Seleucid Coins of Bactria, Classical Numismatic Studies 1, Lancaster, x + 70 p.
- ^ Newell, Edawrd T. (1938), The coinage of the eastern Seleucid mints, from Seleucus I to Antiochus III, Numismatic Studies 1, New York, 307 p., LVI pl.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur (1983), Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the collection of Arthur Houghton, Ancient Coins in North American Collections 4, New York, xiv, 122 p., 2 fold. charts, 77 pls.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine (2002), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 1, Seleucus I through Antiochus III, New York - Lancaster - London, 2 v. (xxxviii, 488 p. + 300 p.), 101 pl.
