Athens, silver, tetradrachms (Athena/owl) (453-440 BCE)
From SILVER
453 BCE - 440 BCE Silver 489,802 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Athena r., wearing Attic helmet decorated with olive wreath and palmett |
| Reverse: | AӨE (Greek).Owl standing r., in l. field, olive twig. All within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Athens | Ancient region: | Attica | Modern country: Greece | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 453 BCE | to | 440 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 17.10 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Meadows (to appear) | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 4, n° 1597 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 133 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 124 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 131 | Number of coins (n) | 142 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.07 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.08 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.98 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 93.23 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 1432.17 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 28,643,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 2098.44 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00000 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 12.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 198.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 489,802 kg <br /> 489,802 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 495.75 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Meadows, Andrew (to appear), "The Growth of Athenian Coinage in the Archaic and Early Classical Periods", Iran.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
