Athens, silver, drachms (Athena/owl in incuse square) (475-449 BCE)
From SILVER
475 BCE - 449 BCE Silver 9,485 kg
Description
| Obverse: | ead of Athena right, with frontal eye, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet decorated with three olive leaves over visor and a spiral palmette on the bowl |
| Reverse: | AΘE (Greek).Owl standing right, head facing, with spread tail feathers, olive sprig to left, AΘE to right, all within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Athens | Ancient region: | Attica | Modern country: Greece | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 475 BCE | to | 449 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 4.25 | Denomination: | drachma
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Starr 1970, Groups II-V | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2523, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 195, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 4, n° 1627 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 28 | 71.79 | 28 | 51.85 | 14, 26, 27, 28, 30, 42, 43, 44, 45, 75, 77, 91, 92, 93, 94, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189 |
| 2 | 8 | 20.51 | 16 | 29.63 | 13, 29, 40, 41, 73, 76, 126, 131 |
| 3 | 2 | 5.13 | 6 | 11.11 | 74, 125 |
| 4 | 1 | 2.56 | 4 | 7.41 | 72 |
| Total | 39 of 39 | 99.99 | 54 of 54 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 43 | Number of coins (n) | 54 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.38 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.26 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 71.79 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 111.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 2,231,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 140.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 48.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 967.83 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 9,485 kg <br /> 9,485 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 2,419.57 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Starr, Chester G. (1970), Athenian Coinage 480-449 B.C., Oxford, 97 p., 26 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
