Aradus, silver, tetrobols (Zeus/prow) (241-109 BCE)
From SILVER
241 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 977 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Monogram of the city (Greek).Athena standing on prow l., monogram above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 241 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 109 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Duyrat 2005, p. 46-48, n° 1455-1557 (series II) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 64 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 16.67 | 3 | 2.91 | 6, 8, 9 |
| 2 | 4 | 22.22 | 8 | 7.77 | 3, 4, 7, 15 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.56 | 3 | 2.91 | 12 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 3.88 | 13 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 4.85 | 11 |
| 6 | 1 | 5.56 | 6 | 5.83 | 18 |
| 7 | 3 | 16.67 | 21 | 20.39 | 1, 7, 16 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 8.74 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 5.56 | 13 | 12.62 | 10 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.56 | 15 | 14.56 | 5 |
| 16 | 1 | 5.56 | 16 | 15.53 | 17 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 103 of 103 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 30 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 103 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.72 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.43 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 390,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 21.81 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00026 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,547.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 977 kg <br /> 977 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,369.69 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
