Aradus, silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/seated Zeus) (246-167 BCE)
From SILVER
246 BCE - 167 BCE Silver 18,982 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, holding eagle and sceptre. Controls: Palm tree in left field, monogram below throne, ΞA (date) in exergue. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 246 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 167 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 16 | 32 | 16 | 6.58 | 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 22, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 45, 46, 49, 50 |
| 2 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 3.29 | 18, 44, 47, 48 |
| 3 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 8.64 | 13, 14, 20, 24, 28, 29, 39 |
| 4 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 9.88 | 1, 8, 12, 34, 42, 43 |
| 6 | 3 | 6 | 18 | 7.41 | 3, 21, 36 |
| 7 | 4 | 8 | 28 | 11.52 | 26, 27, 31, 41 |
| 9 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 3.7 | 2 |
| 10 | 3 | 6 | 30 | 12.35 | 23, 32, 33 |
| 11 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 4.53 | 7 |
| 13 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 5.35 | 5 |
| 14 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 5.76 | 6 |
| 16 | 2 | 4 | 32 | 13.17 | 4, 17 |
| 19 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 7.82 | 38 |
| Total | 50 of 50 | 100 | 243 of 243 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 50 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 166 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 243 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.86 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.46 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.32 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 32 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 55.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,116,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 62.95 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.42% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,705 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 18,982 kg <br /> 18,982 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,762.49 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
