Apollonia Pontica, silver, tetradrachms (Apollo/anchor) (360-340 BCE)
From SILVER
360 BCE - 340 BCE Silver 6,463 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Apollo to left or right, wearing laurel wreath. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | KΛEOKPATHΣ (Greek).Anchor upright, A and crayfish at sides. All within shallow incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Apollonia Pontica | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 360 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 340 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Draganov - Paunov 2017, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Paunov 2017, p. 59-89 (die study's table, p. 64-66 and catalogue p. 69-79) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear I, n° 1656, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 3.2, n° 1312 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 22.22 | 4 | 3.23 | 2, 4, 13, 15 |
| 2 | 1 | 5.56 | 2 | 1.61 | 5 |
| 3 | 2 | 11.11 | 6 | 4.84 | 9, 10 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 3.23 | 17 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 4.03 | 14 |
| 7 | 3 | 16.67 | 21 | 16.94 | 6, 8, 18 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.56 | 10 | 8.06 | 16 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.56 | 12 | 9.68 | 12 |
| 14 | 2 | 11.11 | 28 | 22.58 | 1, 3 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.56 | 15 | 12.1 | 7 |
| 17 | 1 | 5.56 | 17 | 13.71 | 11 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.03 | 124 of 124 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 54 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 124 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.89 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 22.22 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.01 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 380,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 21.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00033 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,045.77 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,463 kg <br /> 6,463 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 32,614.41 |
Remarks
The hoard published by Draganov - Paunov 2017 contained 22 tetradrachms (6 obv., 14 rev.)
References
- ^ Draganov, Dimitar - Paunov, Evgeni (2017), "A hoard of Apollonia Pontica tetradrachm," Revue belge de Numismatique, 163, p. 413-422.
- ^ Paunov, Evgeni (2017), “The Tetradrachm Coinage of Apollonia Pontica: iconography, issues and magistrates”, in Dilyana Boteva (ed.), Ex nummis lux - Studies in Ancient Numismatics in Honour of Dimitar Draganov, Sofia, p. 59-89 (die study's table, p. 64-66 and catalogue p. 69-79).
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
