Apollonia Pontica, silver, staters (anchor/gorgoneion) (465-425 BCE)
From SILVER
512 BCE - 465 BCE Silver 1,186 kg
Description
| Obverse: | AΠO-ΛΛΩN (Greek).Upright anchor, in field to left, crayfish swimming upwards to right |
| Reverse: | Facing gorgoneion. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Apollonia Pontica | Ancient region: | Thrace | Modern country: Bulgaria | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 512 BCE | to | 465 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 9.80 | Denomination: | stater
|
Standard: | Thraco-Macedonian |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ivanova-Anaplioti 2026, p. 246, types 14-15, n° 217-222 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 3.2, n° 1320 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 33.33 | 1 | 20 | 26 |
| 2 | 2 | 66.67 | 4 | 80 | 24, 25 |
| Total | 3 of 3 | 100 | 5 of 5 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 3 | Number of coins (n) | 5 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.67 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.67 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 6.05 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 121,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 7.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 80% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 1,652.89 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 1,186 kg <br /> 1,186 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 4,132.23 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ivanova-Anaplioti, Hristina (2026), Die Münzprägung von Apollonia Pontike. Die Bildthemen einer griechischen Polis im pontisch-thrakischen Raum, Berlin, De Gruyter, 465 p. + 34 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
