Apollonia Pontica, silver, obols (Apollo/anchor) (465-425 BCE)
From SILVER
465 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 144 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Anchor, with four pellets above |
| Reverse: | Swastika within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Apollonia Pontica | Ancient region: | Thrace | Modern country: Bulgaria | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 465 BCE | to | 425 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 0.35 | Denomination: | obol
|
Standard: | Thraco-Macedonian |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ivanova-Anaplioti 2026, p. 279-284, type 19-23, n° 1534-1643 | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
| Coin series web reference: |
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Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 3 | 15.79 | 3 | 2.78 | 165, 171, 172 |
| 3 | 3 | 15.79 | 9 | 8.33 | 161, 164, 170 |
| 4 | 6 | 31.58 | 24 | 22.22 | 155, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.26 | 5 | 4.63 | 159 |
| 7 | 2 | 10.53 | 14 | 12.96 | 154, 158 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.26 | 10 | 9.26 | 160 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.26 | 12 | 11.11 | 156 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.26 | 15 | 13.89 | 169 |
| 16 | 1 | 5.26 | 16 | 14.81 | 157 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 99.99 | 108 of 108 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 23 | Number of coins (n) | 108 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 5.68 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 4.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.21 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 15.79 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 20.64 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 412,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 23.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00026 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.22% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 10,465.12 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 144 kg <br /> 144 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 26,162.79 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ivanova-Anaplioti, Hristina (2026), Die Münzprägung von Apollonia Pontike. Die Bildthemen einer griechischen Polis im pontisch-thrakischen Raum, Berlin, De Gruyter, 465 p. + 34 pl.
