Apollonia Pontica, silver, drachms (Anchor/swastika) (512-465 BCE)
From SILVER
512 BCE - 465 BCE Silver 1,011 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Anchor, crayfish to right. |
| Reverse: | Clockwise swastika within incuse. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Apollonia Pontica | Ancient region: | Thrace | Modern country: Bulgaria | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 512 BCE | to | 465 BCE | Period: Archaic until 480 BC  , classical
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 4.20 | Denomination: | drachma
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ivanova-Anaplioti 2026, p. 240-243, types 1-3, n° 1-140 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2SNG BM Black Sea, n° 148, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.2, n° 1314 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 2 | 1 | 8.33 | 2 | 1.42 | 12 |
| 5 | 1 | 8.33 | 5 | 3.55 | 10 |
| 6 | 1 | 8.33 | 6 | 4.26 | 6 |
| 7 | 1 | 8.33 | 7 | 4.96 | 8 |
| 11 | 1 | 8.33 | 11 | 7.8 | 3 |
| 12 | 2 | 16.67 | 24 | 17.02 | 1, 4 |
| 13 | 1 | 8.33 | 13 | 9.22 | 11 |
| 16 | 1 | 8.33 | 16 | 11.35 | 2 |
| 17 | 2 | 16.67 | 34 | 24.11 | 7, 9 |
| 23 | 1 | 8.33 | 23 | 16.31 | 5 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 99.98 | 141 of 141 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 17 | Number of coins (n) | 141 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 11.75 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 8.29 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.42 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 12.03 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 240,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 13.12 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00059 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 23,441.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 1,011 kg <br /> 1,011 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 58,603.49 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ivanova-Anaplioti, Hristina (2026), Die Münzprägung von Apollonia Pontike. Die Bildthemen einer griechischen Polis im pontisch-thrakischen Raum, Berlin, De Gruyter, 465 p. + 34 pl.
- ^ Price, Martin J. (1993), Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea, London, [132] p. : ill. ; 31 cm.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
