Antioch (Antiochus VII), silver, tetradrachms (138-129 BCE)
From SILVER
138 BCE - 129 BCE Silver 39,827 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ (Greek).Athena Nikephoros standing left, resting hand on shield, and propping spear on her arm, to outer left, monogram above A, no secondary control mark, all within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Antioch | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus VII Euergetes (Seleucid king, 138-129 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 138 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 129 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S1799 Antioch Antiochus VII tetradrachms.jpg
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Houghton 19911Houghton 1991, p. 80, Lorber 20162Lorber 2016 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 93HGC 9, n° 1067d, SC II4SC II, n° 2061 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 30 | 25.64 | 30 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 30, 31, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44, 48, 50, 53, 55, 58, 59, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 84, 85, 91 | |
| 2 | 14 | 11.97 | 28 | 3, 9, 17, 20, 26, 34, 41, 46, 52, 61, 79, 96, 106, 110 | |
| 3 | 5 | 4.27 | 15 | 11, 19, 40, 51, 107 | |
| 4 | 3 | 2.56 | 12 | 13, 42, 90 | |
| 5 | 8 | 6.84 | 40 | 18, 21, 60, 64, 65, 82, 86, 108 | |
| 6 | 3 | 2.56 | 18 | 27, 63, 70 | |
| 7 | 7 | 5.98 | 49 | 56, 89, 92, 97, 111, 114, 116 | |
| 8 | 2 | 1.71 | 16 | 47, 93 | |
| 9 | 3 | 2.56 | 27 | 10, 16, 66 | |
| 10 | 5 | 4.27 | 50 | 25, 83, 103, 105, 113 | |
| 11 | 2 | 1.71 | 22 | 8, 22 | |
| 12 | 2 | 1.71 | 24 | 54, 62 | |
| 13 | 1 | 0.85 | 13 | 75 | |
| 14 | 4 | 3.42 | 56 | 14, 24, 94, 109 | |
| 15 | 2 | 1.71 | 30 | 68, 69 | |
| 16 | 6 | 5.13 | 96 | 37, 67, 81, 95, 104, 112 | |
| 17 | 2 | 1.71 | 34 | 7, 15 | |
| 19 | 4 | 3.42 | 76 | 32, 71, 98, 99 | |
| 20 | 1 | 0.85 | 20 | 57 | |
| 21 | 1 | 0.85 | 21 | 49 | |
| 22 | 1 | 0.85 | 22 | 45 | |
| 23 | 2 | 1.71 | 46 | 33, 38 | |
| 24 | 1 | 0.85 | 24 | 87 | |
| 26 | 2 | 1.71 | 52 | 88, 115 | |
| 30 | 1 | 0.85 | 30 | 23 | |
| 37 | 1 | 0.85 | 37 | 28 | |
| 39 | 2 | 1.71 | 78 | 29, 100 | |
| 40 | 1 | 0.85 | 40 | 102 | |
| 47 | 1 | 0.85 | 47 | 101 | |
| Total | 117 of 117 | 99.95 | 1053 of 1,053 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 117 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 30 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1053 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 9 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25.64 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 119.96 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,399,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 131.63 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00044 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 17,555.85 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 39,827 kg <br /> 39,827 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 43,889.63 |
Remarks
Orignal number of obverses estimated at 120-140 by Houghton 1991, p. 80
References
- ^ Houghton, Arthur (1991), "The Antioch Project," in William E. Metcalf (ed.), Mnemata : papers in memory of Nancy M. Waggoner, New York, p. 73-97
- ^ Lorber, Catharine C. (2016), "Die Study of the Antioch Tetradrachms of Antiochus VII Euergetes," Numismatic Chronicle, 176, p. 21-82.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine C. - Hoover, Oliver D. (2008), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 2, Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII, 2 v., New York - Lancaster - London, (xxx), 120 p. of plates : ill., maps, tables
