Antioch (Antiochus IV), silver, tetradrachms (Antiochus IV/seated Zeus) (173-168 BCE)
From SILVER
173 BCE - 168 BCE Silver 6,069 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right, monogram to left. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ (Greek).Zeus Nikephoros seated left, palm frond to outer left, AΓ in exergue. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Antioch | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid king, 175-164 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 173 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 168 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Mørkholm 1963, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Le Rider 1999, p. 192-201 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 6978, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4CSE, n° 194, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5RQEMH, n° 286, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]6HGC 9, n° 619, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]7SC II, n° 1397 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 16.67 | 3 | 1.67 | 11, 13, 14 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 2.22 | 4 |
| 5 | 2 | 11.11 | 10 | 5.56 | 8, 20 |
| 8 | 2 | 11.11 | 16 | 8.89 | 9, 21 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 5 | 17 |
| 10 | 2 | 11.11 | 20 | 11.11 | 12, 18 |
| 11 | 1 | 5.56 | 11 | 6.11 | 16 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.56 | 12 | 6.67 | 15 |
| 13 | 1 | 5.56 | 13 | 7.22 | 6 |
| 17 | 1 | 5.56 | 17 | 9.44 | 7 |
| 18 | 1 | 5.56 | 18 | 10 | 19 |
| 22 | 1 | 5.56 | 22 | 12.22 | 5 |
| 25 | 1 | 5.56 | 25 | 13.89 | 10 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 180 of 180 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 136 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 180 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.32 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 7.56 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 18.28 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 365,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00049 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 19,693.65 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,069 kg <br /> 6,069 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 49,234.14 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Likely military O4 is common with Apollo on the omphalos on the reverse
References
- ^ Morkholm, Otto (1963), Studies in the Coinage of Antiochos IV of Syria, Copenhague.
- ^ Le Rider, Georges (1999), Antioche de Syrie sous les séleucides : corpus des monnaies d'or et d'argent. I, De Séleucos I à Antiochos V, c. 300-161, Mémoires de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, n.s. 19, Paris, 260 p., 27 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Houghton, Arthur (1983), Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the collection of Arthur Houghton, Ancient Coins in North American Collections 4, New York, xiv, 122 p., 2 fold. charts, 77 pls.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine C. - Hoover, Oliver D. (2008), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 2, Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII, 2 v., New York - Lancaster - London, (xxx), 120 p. of plates : ill., maps, tables
