Antioch (Antiochus IV), silver, tetradrachms (Antiochus IV/seated Zeus) (168-164 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8070

168 BCE - 164 BCE Silver 12,258 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Diademed head right.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ NIKHΦOPOY (Greek).Zeus Nikephoros seated left, monogram to outer left.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Antioch

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Syria

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid king, 175-164 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

168 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

164 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

16.65

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

tetradrachm

StandardStandard.:

Attic

Image

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Mørkholm 1963, Series III, 17, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Le Rider 1999, Série III, p. 201-218
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 6978, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 288, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 9, n° 620, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]6SC II, n° 1400

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	2	5.56	2	0.6	29, 30
2	2	5.56	4	1.2	25, 52
3	1	2.78	3	0.9	38
4	3	8.33	12	3.6	48, 54, 55
5	4	11.11	20	6.01	41, 46, 49, 53
6	3	8.33	18	5.41	26, 28, 42
7	3	8.33	21	6.31	27, 40, 47
8	2	5.56	16	4.8	34, 43
11	3	8.33	33	9.91	20, 32, 51
12	3	8.33	36	10.81	22, 23, 37
18	2	5.56	36	10.81	36, 45
25	1	2.78	25	7.51	31
31	1	2.78	31	9.31	33
9	4	11.11	36	10.81	24, 35, 44, 56
20	2	5.56	40	12.01	39, 50
Total	36 of 36	100.01	333 of 333	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	36	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	2
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	193	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	333
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	9.25	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.73
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	5.36	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	5.56 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	36.81	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	736,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	40.36	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00045
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	99.4%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	18,092.91
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	12,258 kg <br /> 12,258 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	45,232.27

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

^ Morkholm, Otto (1963), Studies in the Coinage of Antiochos IV of Syria, Copenhague.
^ Le Rider, Georges (1999), Antioche de Syrie sous les séleucides : corpus des monnaies d'or et d'argent. I, De Séleucos I à Antiochos V, c. 300-161, Mémoires de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, n.s. 19, Paris, 260 p., 27 pl.
^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine C. - Hoover, Oliver D. (2008), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 2, Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII, 2 v., New York - Lancaster - London, (xxx), 120 p. of plates : ill., maps, tables