Antioch (Antiochus IV), silver, tetradrachms (Antiochus IV/seated Zeus) (168-164 BCE)
From SILVER
168 BCE - 164 BCE Silver 12,258 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ NIKHΦOPOY (Greek).Zeus Nikephoros seated left, monogram to outer left. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Antioch | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid king, 175-164 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 168 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 164 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.65 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
H288 Antiochos IV Epiphane.jpeg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Mørkholm 19631Mørkholm 1963, Series III, 17, Le Rider 19992Le Rider 1999, Série III, p. 201-218 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II3Sear II, n° 6978, RQEMH4RQEMH, n° 288, HGC 95HGC 9, n° 620, SC II6SC II, n° 1400 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 5.56 | 2 | 0.6 | 29, 30 |
| 2 | 2 | 5.56 | 4 | 1.2 | 25, 52 |
| 3 | 1 | 2.78 | 3 | 0.9 | 38 |
| 4 | 3 | 8.33 | 12 | 3.6 | 48, 54, 55 |
| 5 | 4 | 11.11 | 20 | 6.01 | 41, 46, 49, 53 |
| 6 | 3 | 8.33 | 18 | 5.41 | 26, 28, 42 |
| 7 | 3 | 8.33 | 21 | 6.31 | 27, 40, 47 |
| 8 | 2 | 5.56 | 16 | 4.8 | 34, 43 |
| 9 | 4 | 11.11 | 36 | 10.81 | 24, 35, 44, 56 |
| 11 | 3 | 8.33 | 33 | 9.91 | 20, 32, 51 |
| 12 | 3 | 8.33 | 36 | 10.81 | 22, 23, 37 |
| 18 | 2 | 5.56 | 36 | 10.81 | 36, 45 |
| 20 | 2 | 5.56 | 40 | 12.01 | 39, 50 |
| 25 | 1 | 2.78 | 25 | 7.51 | 31 |
| 31 | 1 | 2.78 | 31 | 9.31 | 33 |
| Total | 36 of 36 | 100.01 | 333 of 333 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 36 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 193 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 333 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 9.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.73 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 5.36 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.56 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.81 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 736,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 40.36 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00045 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.4% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 18,092.91 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,258 kg <br /> 12,258 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 45,232.27 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Morkholm, Otto (1963), Studies in the Coinage of Antiochos IV of Syria, Copenhague.
- ^ Le Rider, Georges (1999), Antioche de Syrie sous les séleucides : corpus des monnaies d'or et d'argent. I, De Séleucos I à Antiochos V, c. 300-161, Mémoires de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, n.s. 19, Paris, 260 p., 27 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine C. - Hoover, Oliver D. (2008), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 2, Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII, 2 v., New York - Lancaster - London, (xxx), 120 p. of plates : ill., maps, tables
