Ambracia, silver, staters (Pegasus/Athena) (456-404 BCE)
From SILVER
456 BCE - 404 BCE Silver 7,136 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | E (Greek).Pegasos with curved wing flying right, below, club to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Head of Athena to right, wearing Corinthian helmet |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ambracia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Epirus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 456 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 404 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ravel 1928, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Kraay 1979 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ravel 1928, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Calciati 1990, n° 26-55, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMAC, n° 178, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 3.1, n° 203 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 10.26 | 4 | 1.57 | 16, 23, 25, 43 |
| 2 | 1 | 2.56 | 2 | 0.78 | 29 |
| 3 | 6 | 15.38 | 18 | 7.06 | 13, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28 |
| 4 | 6 | 15.38 | 24 | 9.41 | 10, 26, 22, 34, 38, 40 |
| 5 | 5 | 12.82 | 25 | 9.8 | 14, 18, 24, 30, 32 |
| 6 | 4 | 10.26 | 24 | 9.41 | 15, 21, 24, 27 |
| 7 | 3 | 7.69 | 21 | 8.24 | 11, 19, 35 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.56 | 9 | 3.53 | 12 |
| 10 | 3 | 7.69 | 30 | 11.76 | 23, 39, 42 |
| 12 | 2 | 5.13 | 24 | 9.41 | 25, 41 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.56 | 14 | 5.49 | 33 |
| 16 | 2 | 5.13 | 32 | 12.55 | 31, 37 |
| 28 | 1 | 2.56 | 28 | 10.98 | 36 |
| Total | 39 of 39 | 99.98 | 255 of 255 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 53 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 255 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.54 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.81 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.36 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10.26 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 41.49 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 829,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 46.04 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00031 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.43% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,292.12 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,136 kg <br /> 7,136 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 30,730.3 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- a b Ravel, Oscar (1928), The "colts" of Ambracia, The American Numismatic Society, Numismatic notes and monographs 37, New York, 180 p., 2 pl.
- ^ Kraay, Colin M. (1979), "The coinage of Ambracia and the preliminaries of the Peloponnesian war", Numismatica e Antichità Classiche 8, p. 37-66, 5 pl.
- ^ Calciati, Romolo (1990), Pegasi, Mortara, Edizioni I.P..
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
