Ambracia, silver, staters (Pegasus/Athena) (404-338 BCE)
From SILVER
404 BCE - 338 BCE Silver 6,115 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Pegasus flying r., beneath, A. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Head of Athena r., wearing Corinthian helmet and single pendant earring, behind neck-guard, A |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ambracia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Epirus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 404 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 338 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC179 Ambracia staters.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ravel 19281Ravel 1928 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Ravel 19281Ravel 1928, Sear I2Sear I, n° 1958-1962, Calciati 19903Calciati 1990, n° 56-85, RQEMAC4RQEMAC, n° 179, HGC 3.15HGC 3.1, n° 205-206 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 10 | 27.78 | 10 | 2.64 | 45, 49, 50, 59, 60, 66, 67, 68, 70, 79 |
| 2 | 1 | 2.78 | 2 | 0.53 | 62 |
| 3 | 5 | 13.89 | 15 | 3.96 | 56, 64, 69, 73, 75 |
| 4 | 1 | 2.78 | 4 | 1.06 | 65 |
| 5 | 2 | 5.56 | 10 | 2.64 | 72, 78 |
| 9 | 2 | 5.56 | 18 | 4.75 | 63, 71 |
| 10 | 2 | 5.56 | 20 | 5.28 | 54, 74 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.78 | 12 | 3.17 | 47 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.78 | 13 | 3.43 | 76 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.78 | 14 | 3.69 | 61 |
| 19 | 2 | 5.56 | 38 | 10.03 | 46, 58 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.78 | 20 | 5.28 | 53 |
| 21 | 2 | 5.56 | 42 | 11.08 | 51, 52 |
| 26 | 1 | 2.78 | 26 | 6.86 | 48 |
| 28 | 2 | 5.56 | 56 | 14.78 | 55, 77 |
| 33 | 1 | 2.78 | 33 | 8.71 | 44 |
| 46 | 1 | 2.78 | 46 | 12.14 | 57 |
| Total | 36 of 36 | 100.05 | 379 of 379 | 100.03 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 36 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 66 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 379 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10.53 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.74 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.83 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 27.78 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.4 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 728,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00052 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.36% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 20,824.18 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,115 kg <br /> 6,115 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 52,060.44 |
Remarks
References
- a b Ravel, Oscar (1928), The "colts" of Ambracia, The American Numismatic Society, Numismatic notes and monographs 37, New York, 180 p., 2 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Calciati, Romolo (1990), Pegasi, Mortara, Edizioni I.P..
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
