Abdera, bronze, 3.8g (griffin/various types) (395-360 BCE)
From SILVER
395 BCE - 360 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ABΔHΡITΩN (Greek).Griffin jumping from a base to left, open wing, front paws raised. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Different types : 1) Head of Apollo right, wearing laurel wreath. In the field, a magistrate name: ΕΠ ΟΡΧΑΜΟΣ (n° 16-21), 2) Male head right. In the field, a magistrate name: ΕΠI ΜΑΝΔΡΩΝΟΣ (n° 23-25), ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟ (n° 26-28) or ΑΝAΞΙΠΟΛΙΤΟΣ (n° 29-32). |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Abdera | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 395 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 360 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dichalkon ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image

Abdera_bronze_dichalkon_395.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Chryssanthaki-Nagle 20071Chryssanthaki-Nagle 2007, p. 180-182, no. 16-21, 23-32. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 3.22HGC 3.2, n° 1239 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 9 | 64.29 | 9 | 36 | 1 (ΟΡΧ), 2 (ΟΡΧ), 5 (ΟΡΧ), 6 (ΟΡΧ), 1 (MAN), 3 (MAN), 1 (ΝΙΚ), 2 (ΝΙΚ), 3 (ΝΙΚ) |
2 | 3 | 21.43 | 6 | 24 | 3 (ΟΡΧ), 4 (ΟΡΧ), 2 (ΑΝΑ) |
4 | 1 | 7.14 | 4 | 16 | 2 (MAN) |
6 | 1 | 7.14 | 6 | 24 | 1 (ΑΝΑ) |
Total | 14 of 14 | 100 | 25 of 25 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 15 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 25 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.79 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.67 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.07 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 64.29 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 25.75 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 515,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.82 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 64% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,941.75 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 4,854.37 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Chryssanthaki-Nagle, Katerina (2007), L’histoire monétaire d’Abdère en Thrace (VIe s. av. J.-C. – IIe s. ap. J.-C.), 431 p., 64 plates.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.