AC 95 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (415-395 BCE) (Tudeer)
From SILVER
415 BCE - 395 BCE Silver 12,410 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Fast quadriga driven r. by charioteer holding reins and kentron. Above, Nike flying l., carrying in one hand a wreath to crown him, and in the other a cord from which hangs a rectangular tablet inscribed EYAIN / ETO. In exergue two dolphins swimming towards each other |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Head of the nymph Arethusa l., wearing sphendone and ampyx ornamented with stars, beneath neck truncation, EVME – NOY. Around, four dolphins |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 415 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 395 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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AC 95 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (415-395 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Tudeer 19131Tudeer 1913 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 934-937 and 939-944, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 95, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 582 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 8.11 | 3 | 0.45 | 3, 17, 24 |
| 2 | 1 | 2.7 | 2 | 0.3 | 37 |
| 4 | 1 | 2.7 | 4 | 0.59 | 23 |
| 5 | 2 | 5.41 | 10 | 1.48 | 19, 36 |
| 6 | 3 | 8.11 | 18 | 2.67 | 5, 6, 30 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.7 | 7 | 1.04 | 16 |
| 9 | 2 | 5.41 | 18 | 2.67 | 4;20 |
| 10 | 1 | 2.7 | 10 | 1.48 | 31 |
| 13 | 4 | 10.81 | 52 | 7.72 | 1, 2, 7, 25 |
| 14 | 2 | 5.41 | 28 | 4.15 | 13, 18 |
| 15 | 2 | 5.41 | 30 | 4.45 | 28, 29 |
| 17 | 1 | 2.7 | 17 | 2.52 | 22 |
| 18 | 1 | 2.7 | 18 | 2.67 | 26 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.7 | 20 | 2.97 | 27 |
| 23 | 2 | 5.41 | 46 | 6.82 | 8, 11 |
| 26 | 1 | 2.7 | 26 | 3.86 | 32 |
| 30 | 1 | 2.7 | 30 | 4.45 | 35 |
| 32 | 1 | 2.7 | 32 | 4.75 | 9 |
| 33 | 1 | 2.7 | 33 | 4.9 | 10 |
| 39 | 1 | 2.7 | 39 | 5.79 | 21 |
| 40 | 1 | 2.7 | 40 | 5.93 | 33 |
| 44 | 1 | 2.7 | 44 | 6.53 | 34 |
| 46 | 1 | 2.7 | 46 | 6.82 | 12 |
| 48 | 1 | 2.7 | 48 | 7.12 | 15 |
| 53 | 1 | 2.7 | 53 | 7.86 | 14 |
| Total | 37 of 37 | 99.98 | 674 of 674 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 73 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 674 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 18.22 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.23 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.97 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 8.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.18 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 723,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00093 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.55% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 37,258.15 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,410 kg <br /> 12,410 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 93,145.38 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Tudeer, Lauri O. Th. (1913), Die Tetradrachmenprägung von Syrakus in der Periode der Signierenden Künstler, Berlin, 292 p. : ill., VII pl. ; 24 cm.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
