AC 93 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (474-450 BCE)
From SILVER
474 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 24,428 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Charioteer driving walking quadriga to right, holding reins with both hands, Nike above, flying left to crown charioteer with wreath, ketos to right in exergue |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).Head of Arethusa to right within linear circle, wearing simple earring and bead necklace, hair tied at back with pearl headband, ΣVRAKOΣION and four dolphins swimming clockwise around |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hieron I of Syracuse |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 474 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 450 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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AC 93 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (474-450 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 190-252, n° 408-414, 434-448, 468-496, 498-547, 554-590, 592-605, 628-635, 640-662, 666-712, 719-728. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 923-926, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 93, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 1310 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 4.11 | 3 | 213, 235, 265 | |
| 2 | 1 | 1.37 | 2 | 236 | |
| 3 | 3 | 4.11 | 9 | 252, 261, 290 | |
| 4 | 4 | 5.48 | 16 | 254, 260, 264, 330 | |
| 5 | 3 | 4.11 | 15 | 234, 333, 340 | |
| 6 | 1 | 1.37 | 6 | 232 | |
| 7 | 1 | 1.37 | 7 | 320 | |
| 8 | 2 | 2.74 | 16 | 266, 283 | |
| 9 | 3 | 4.11 | 27 | 267;276;288 | |
| 10 | 2 | 2.74 | 20 | 211, 360 | |
| 11 | 1 | 1.37 | 11 | 341 | |
| 12 | 1 | 1.37 | 12 | 332 | |
| 13 | 3 | 4.11 | 39 | 212, 263, 358 | |
| 14 | 2 | 2.74 | 28 | 259, 293 | |
| 15 | 3 | 4.11 | 45 | 257, 343, 356 | |
| 16 | 2 | 2.74 | 32 | 255, 256 | |
| 17 | 2 | 2.74 | 34 | 346, 347 | |
| 18 | 1 | 1.37 | 18 | 286 | |
| 19 | 1 | 1.37 | 19 | 354 | |
| 20 | 3 | 4.11 | 60 | 329, 344, 359 | |
| 21 | 2 | 2.74 | 42 | 269, 272 | |
| 22 | 2 | 2.74 | 44 | 282, 328 | |
| 24 | 3 | 4.11 | 72 | 287, 331, 355 | |
| 25 | 3 | 4.11 | 75 | 253, 284, 339 | |
| 26 | 1 | 1.37 | 26 | 345 | |
| 27 | 1 | 1.37 | 27 | 275 | |
| 28 | 1 | 1.37 | 28 | 270 | |
| 29 | 1 | 1.37 | 29 | 337 | |
| 30 | 3 | 4.11 | 90 | 258, 274, 291 | |
| 31 | 2 | 2.74 | 62 | 268, 327 | |
| 32 | 2 | 2.74 | 64 | 295, 321 | |
| 33 | 1 | 1.37 | 33 | 285 | |
| 36 | 2 | 2.74 | 72 | 294, 342 | |
| 40 | 1 | 1.37 | 40 | 271 | |
| 43 | 2 | 2.74 | 86 | 273, 296 | |
| 44 | 1 | 1.37 | 44 | 289 | |
| 45 | 1 | 1.37 | 45 | 319 | |
| 46 | 1 | 1.37 | 46 | 233 | |
| 53 | 1 | 1.37 | 53 | 326 | |
| Total | 73 of 73 | 100.01 | 1397 of 1,397 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 73 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 143 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1397 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 19.14 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.77 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.96 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 71.22 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,424,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 77.02 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00098 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.79% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 39,230.55 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 24,428 kg <br /> 24,428 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 98,076.38 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boehringer, Erich (1929), Die Münzen von Syrakus, Berlin-Leipzig, vi, [2], 297 p. : ill. and portfolio of 32 pl. ; 28 cm
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
