AC 67 - Messana, silver, litrae (440-430 BCE)
From SILVER
440 BCE - 430 BCE Silver 1,305 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Hare r. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MEΣ (Greek).Legend within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 440 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 430 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC 67 - Zancle, silver, litra, 460-426 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Caccamo Caltabiano 19931Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 308-20, 338-45, 389-413, 425-36, 448-60 et 471-6. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 849, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 67 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 28 | 45.9 | 28 | 21.21 | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6/4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20/5, 9/3, 9, 11/4 |
| 2 | 14 | 22.95 | 28 | 21.21 | 7/2, 3/1, 3, 9, 13/1, 4, 6/2, 10/3 |
| 3 | 8 | 13.11 | 24 | 18.18 | 2, 8/1, 5/5, 12/1 |
| 4 | 6 | 9.84 | 24 | 18.18 | 17/2, 3/1, 6, 7 |
| 5 | 4 | 6.56 | 20 | 15.15 | 2, 14, 19, 21 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.64 | 8 | 6.06 | 8 |
| Total | 61 of 61 | 100 | 132 of 132 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 61 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 28 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 66 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 132 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.16 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.08 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45.9 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 93.2 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,864,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 113.41 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 78.79% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,832.62 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,305 kg <br /> 1,305 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,081.55 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
