AC 65b - Messana, silver, litrae (480-461 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 461 BCE Silver 732 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Hare springing to right, dotted border |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MES (rétrograde) (Greek).MES (retrograde) within dotted border |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 461 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC 65b - Zancle, litra, 480-461 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Caccamo Caltabiano 19931Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 227-68. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 845, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 65b, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 812 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 14 | 42.42 | 14 | 20.59 | 1, 3, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33 |
| 2 | 11 | 33.33 | 22 | 32.35 | 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 |
| 3 | 5 | 15.15 | 15 | 22.06 | 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 |
| 4 | 2 | 6.06 | 8 | 11.76 | 21, 27 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.03 | 6 | 8.82 | 16 |
| Total | 33 of 33 | 99.99 | 65 of 68 | 95.58 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 33 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 14 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 38 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 68 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.06 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.79 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.15 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 42.42 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 52.3 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,046,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 64.11 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 79.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,600.38 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 732 kg <br /> 732 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,500.96 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
